TRANSNATIONAL SOCIAL (UN)PROTECTION: THE CASE OF ECUADORIAN WHO MIGRATED TO SPAIN BETWEEN 1999 AND 2003 AND RETURNEES BETWEEN 2010 AND 2014

This study aimed to understand the access to transnational social protection by Ecuadorian migrants to Spain between 1999 and 2003, and those who returned between 2010 and 2014. Given the perception of inefficiency or lack of protection on the part of the State and the market, migrants use their repertoire of sources of transnational social protection, mainly from multi-situated personal and family networks and, to a lesser extent, from the third sector. The findings suggest that said (dis)protection is not only conditioned by the different phases of the migration process but also by the socioeconomic contexts of origin and destination.