The incidence of gated residential developments in the configuration of the peri-urban morphology of Cuenca (Ecuador). Case study: San Joaquin Parish

Cuenca’s urban expansion experienced notable growth in recent decades, generating different urbanization patterns. Gated residential developments emerged as housing solutions in peri-urban areas, where their morphological impact on San Joaquín Parish is this study’s objective. Using quantitative methodology and spatial analysis, architectural projects are examined at three scales according to land use intensity: intermediate, immediate, and internal levels. Results show that at the intermediate level, the area exhibits typical peri-urban characteristics with converging low and high subdivision blocks. At the immediate level, the road system undergoes hierarchical and functional alterations, while property division contrasts internal homogeneity of complexes with surrounding heterogeneity. At the internal level, occupation prioritizes profitability through maximum land use, showing significant reduction or absence of green areas, roads, and communal spaces. The research demonstrates that gated residential complexes are enclaves transforming peri-urban dynamics, disrupting continuous development and generating spatial fragmentation and physical, economic, and social segregation.