Smart Microgrid Management and Optimization: A Systematic Review Towards the Proposal of Smart Management Models

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in power systems presents
challenges related to variability, stability, and efficiency, particularly in smart microgrids.
This systematic review, following the PRISMA 2020 methodology, analyzed 66 studies focused on advanced energy storage systems, intelligent control strategies, and optimization
techniques. Hybrid storage solutions combining battery systems, hydrogen technologies,
and pumped hydro storage were identified as effective approaches to mitigate RES intermittency and balance short- and long-term energy demands. The transition from centralized
to distributed control architectures, supported by predictive analytics, digital twins, and
AI-based forecasting, has improved operational planning and system monitoring. However,
challenges remain regarding interoperability, data privacy, cybersecurity, and the limited
availability of high-quality data for AI model training. Economic analyses show that while
initial investments are high, long-term operational savings and improved resilience justify
the adoption of advanced microgrid solutions when supported by appropriate policies and
financial mechanisms. Future research should address the standardization of communication protocols, development of explainable AI models, and creation of sustainable business
models to enhance resilience, efficiency, and scalability. These efforts are necessary to
accelerate the deployment of decentralized, low-carbon energy systems capable of meeting
future energy demands under increasingly complex operational conditionS.