Multiobjective energy management system for dispatch and inertia synthesis: Application to energy communities

Renewable energy sources are essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, the increasing integration of sources such as solar and wind can destabilize power grids due to a potential decrease in system inertia. In this context, energy communities that primarily rely on renewable energy sources face frequency stability challenges, particularly with distributed generators. This vulnerability stems from their heavy dependence on inverter-based generation, which makes it difficult to maintain frequency within operational limits during events such as load variations or generation disconnections. This chapter focuses on using virtual inertia to control the frequency of power systems in energy communities. It examines both conventional and nonconventional control schemes aimed at maintaining frequency stability in power systems with high levels of renewable energy integration, especially from power electronics–based technologies such as wind farms.