MoTE: Development of a Tool for Monitoring of sTudent Engagement

Student engagement in learning is crucial for academic performance, motivation, and active participation. However, measuring and responding to student engagement, both in face-to-face and online sessions, remains a challenge for educators. Existing methods, such as self-reports, interviews, and even real time eye-tracking tools lack a multidimensional engagement approach (that is cognitive, affective, and behavioral). In response, this article presents the development and evaluation of MoTE, a real-time tool for monitoring student engagement. Following a Design-Based Research methodology and Interactive Learning Design framework, we detail the phases of identifying indicators and visualizations to meet the needs of teachers and students, culminating in the implementation and evaluation of an initial prototype. A local evaluation with 146 students and a broad evaluation with 58 students provide valuable insights into the indicators, dashboards, and functionalities to designing effective student engagement tracking tool. This work not only proposes an innovative approach to assessing engagement, but also opens avenues for future research and practical applications in education.