Implementación masiva de medios de electromovilidad en entornos urbanos y su impacto en la red eléctrica.

This chapter unveils the pivotal research findings that are instrumental in the widespread adoption of electromobility in Cuenca, Ecuador. These findings, a product of the Microgrid Laboratory and the Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Telecommunications Engineering of the University of Cuenca, have meticulously examined the impact of this large-scale implementation of electromobility on the electric grid. The aim is to propose innovative technical solutions to ease the transition to sustainable mobility. A concise overview of five studies conducted in recent years on this subject is presented to provide a comprehensive understanding. The first focuses on determining the energy efficiency of an electric bicycle (e-bike) that travels on city bike paths and provides a complete characterization of the battery charging process and an analysis of the power quality. The second proposes a methodology to dampen the power fluctuations of a solar photovoltaic system by harnessing electric vehicle batteries during recharging. The third presents the results of an energy efficiency study of a battery electric bus (BEB). It determines the technical feasibility of replacing the entire fleet of conventional buses in the city of Cuenca with BEBs. The fourth paper analyzes the impact of implementing 23 fast charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) on the electric distribution network. This number of stations is designed to meet the demand for 11500 EVs, equivalent to a penetration rate of 10% in the city's urban area. Finally, the fifth research work determines the potential for the production of green hydrogen by taking advantage of the hydraulic energy that is not used by the power plants of the Paute-Integral Hydroelectric Complex under favorable hydrological conditions and analyzes the feasibility of replacing the fleet of conventional public transportation buses in Cuenca with electric buses powered by hydrogen fuel cells. The results of this research provide valuable inputs, including technical and economic aspects, to promote the massive implementation of electromobility in the city of Cuenca in a technically and environmentally sustainable way without compromising the quality of the electric service provided to the citizens.