Identity processes and distress: a person-centered analysis of ecuadorianuniversity students

This study extended the identity development framework using latent profile analysisof identity processes on the Dimensions of Identity Scale (DIDS) with identity distress onthe Identity Distress Scale (IDS), an affective indicator of difficulties with relevantidentity issues. The objective was to investigate person-centered identity functioningtypically obscured in variable-centered mean level research and how these profilesassociate with traditional measures of identity, mental health, and psychosocial adjust-ment. Participants were 412 Ecuadorian university students (medianage = 21 years; 67%female). They completed online surveys that included the DIDS, IDS and measures ofpsychosocial development, functional well-being, and mental health. Consistent withprofiles found in the Netherlands, United States, and other countries the findingssupported a five-profile model that included Troubled Diffusion (20.4%), CarefreeDiffusion (5.4%), Foreclosure (11.6%), Undifferentiated (40%), and Achievement(24.5%). As expected, profile differences on ego strengths and achieved identity statusprovided criterion validity. Predictive validity was indicated with adjustment to univer-sity, perceived stress, optimism, agency, and psychological symptoms. Findings under-score the relevance of identity profiles among young adults in Ecuador, emphasize theimportance of culture in identity development, and provide directions for furtherresearch and supportive services in relation to students’ mental health and well-being.