Frecuencia de E.coli y Klebsiella spp productoras de betalactamasas en cultivos procesados en un laboratorio clínico

Introduction: antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. producing beta-lactamases has emerged as a global public health problem. Their presence has been associated with both hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections, leading to increased morbidity and mortality in patients. Objective: to determine the frequency of betalactamase-producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. in cultures processed in a clinical laboratory. Methods: a descriptive documentary design study was conducted. The sample consisted of a total of 1465 positive culture results for Escherichia coli or Klebsiella spp. in the year 2022. Data collection involved accessing the laboratory's anonymized database in an Excel sheet for subsequent analysis. The data were tabulated in SPSS version 25. Results: the analysis of ESBL-producing bacteria showed a positivity of 22.3% in E. coli and 46.1% in Klebsiella spp. E. coli showed a higher frequency of negatives (77.7%) compared to Klebsiella spp. The presence of E. coli was more common in urine samples (90.6%) and in other samples such as sputum and skin wounds (21.3%). Eight antibiotics were evaluated, with high sensitivity noted for amikacin (AK) (99.6% and 98.0%) and high resistance for ampicillin (AM) (91.5% and 100%) in both species. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (STX) showed a relatively higher frequency of resistance. Conclusion: the results show a high frequency of ESBL-producing bacteria in E. coli and Klebsiella spp., with a higher prevalence in Klebsiella spp. Furthermore, the resistance to AM, CIP, and STX highlights the importance of proper management of antimicrobial resistance.