Effective Strategies for Mitigating Voltage and Frequency Fluctuations in Isolated Microgrids: A Literature Review

Territorial expansion has posed new challenges for electrical systems, driving the need to electrify remote rural areas and island territories. This demand has fostered the development of electrical microgrids based on distributed renewable generation, which, due to their low inertia, experience voltage and frequency instability—particularly during overloads or transitions between isolated and grid-connected modes. This article presents a literature review focusing on strategies to mitigate these fluctuations, analyzing 28 recent publications. The findings highlight adaptive controllers, smart inverter compensation, and the integration of energy storage systems as dynamic support tools, showing a preference for solutions based on power electronics and predictive control algorithms.