Conocimientos y percepciones vinculadas con el VIH/SIDA en comunidades shuar del Ecuador

Objective: To analyze the knowledge and perceptions related to HIV/AIDS in Shuar communities from the parish of Sevilla Don Bosco, Morona-Santiago Province, Ecuador. Materials and Methods: Qualitative phenomenological study using following research techniques: in-depth interviews and focus groups. A convenience sample was used: 40 men and women aged 14 to 50 years participated. The inclusion criteria corresponded to Shuar people with active sexual life and without HIV/AIDS diagnosis. The categories of analysis were information, knowledge, and perceptions regarding HIV/AIDS. Results: The data show that in the communities of Sevilla Don Bosco there is access to information conditioned by the interaction of the community with public health institutions, educational institutions, and information and communication technologies. Knowledge and perceptions regarding HIV/AIDS vary according to gender, age, level of education, and place of residence of the participants. Conclusions: In the Shuar community, limitations and inaccuracies about the concepts and processes of the virus and the disease are expressed. The subject circulates as a rumor. Adolescents obtain information mostly in schools and through the Internet. In general, men and young people have more knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Women have limitations to express knowledge and opinions. The disease has been stigmatized. The population’s vulnerability against immunodeficiency and the danger of opportunistic diseases is clear in the community. They show interest and willingness to learn more about HIV/AIDS.