Comparative Analysis of Electric Buses as a Sustainable Transport Mode Using Multicriteria Decision-Making Methods

The transition to electric public transportation is crucial for reducing the carbon
footprint and promoting environmental sustainability. However, successful implementation
requires strong public policies, including tax incentives and educational programs, to
encourage widespread adoption. This study identifies the optimal electric bus model for
Cuenca, Ecuador, using the multicriteria decision-making methods PROMETHEE and
TOPSIS. The evaluation considers four key dimensions: technical (autonomy, passenger
capacity, charging time, engine power), economic (acquisition, operation, and maintenance
costs), social (community acceptance and accessibility), and environmental (reduction
of pollutant emissions). The results highlight passenger capacity as the most influential
criterion, followed by autonomy and engine power. The selected electric bus model emerges
as the most suitable option due to its energy efficiency, low maintenance costs, and long
service life, making it a cost-effective long-term investment. Additionally, its adoption
would enhance air quality and improve the overall user experience. Beyond its relevance to
Cuenca, this study provides a replicable methodology for evaluating electric bus feasibility
in other cities with different geographic and socioeconomic contexts.