Clinical-surgical Characteristics of Patients with Macular Hole. Exilaser Ophthalmological Center. Cuenca, Ecuador. 2015-2019

Background: The macular hole (MH) is one of the least studied ophthalmological pathologies; satisfactory treatment has been achieved through the implementation of surgical techniques a few years ago and the study and analysis of its clinical-surgical characteristics are of vital importance to assess the success of surgery with intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Objective: Describe the clinical-surgical characteristics of patients diagnosed with a macular hole at the EXILASER Ophthalmological Center in Cuenca in the period 2015-2019. Methods: Descriptive, retrospective study. The study universe corresponds to 75 patients who attended the EXILASER Ophthalmological Center and were diagnosed with MH between January-2015 and December-2019. Results: 76.0% of the patients are women; 81.3% are between 60 and 79 years old; 96.0% reside in urban areas; 34.7% are dedicated to housework; 24.0% report cataracts; 26.7% have arterial hypertension; 84.0% presented loss of central vision; 80.0% had decreased visual acuity. 50.7% presented affection only in the right eye; 53.3% had a chronic evolution greater than one year; 33.3% presented grade III MH. 44.0% had surgery; 93.9% had anatomical surgical closure. The relationship between the degree of MH, time of evolution, and closure of the MH was not significant (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The success rate of MH closure after surgical intervention is greater than 90% with improvement in postoperative visual acuity. No significant association was found between the grade of the MH, time of evolution, and the closure of the MH.