Sexual Assertiveness Across Cultures, Genders, and Sexual Orientations: Validation of the Short Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9)

Léna Nagy; Mónika Koós; Dr Shane W. Kraus; Zsolt Demetrovics; Marc N. Potenza; Rafael Ballester-Arnal; Dominik Batthyány; Sophie Bergeron; Joël Billieux; Peer Briken; Julius Burkauskas; Georgina Cárdenas López; Joana Carvalho; Jesús Castro-Calvo; Lijun Chen; Ji Kang Chen; Giacomo Ciocca; Ornella Corazza; Rita Csako; David P. Fernandez; Hironobu Fujiwara; Elaine F. Fernandez; Johannes Fuss; Roman Gabrhelík; Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan; Biljana Gjoneska; Mateusz Gola; Joshua B. Grubbs; Hashim T. Hashim; Md Saiful Islam; Mustafa Ismail; Martha C. Jiménez Martínez; Tanja Jurin; Ondrej Kalina; Verena Klein; András Költő; Sang Kyu Lee; Karol Lewczuk; Chung Ying Lin; Christine Lochner; Silvia Lucía López Alvarado; Kateřina Lukavská; Percy Mayta-Tristán; Dan J. Miller; Oľga Orosová; Gábor Orosz; Fernando P. Ponce; Gonzalo R. Quintana; Gabriel C. Quintero Garzola; Jano Ramos-Diaz; Beáta Bothe

doi:10.1177/10731911241312757

Sexual Assertiveness Across Cultures, Genders, and Sexual Orientations: Validation of the Short Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9)

Léna Nagy (First Author)
, Mónika Koós
, Dr Shane W. Kraus
, Zsolt Demetrovics
, Marc N. Potenza
, Rafael Ballester-Arnal
, Dominik Batthyány
, Sophie Bergeron
, Joël Billieux
, Peer Briken
, Julius Burkauskas
, Georgina Cárdenas López
, Joana Carvalho
, Jesús Castro-Calvo
, Lijun Chen
, Ji Kang Chen
, Giacomo Ciocca
, Ornella Corazza
, Rita Csako
, David P. Fernandez

Hironobu Fujiwara, Elaine F. Fernandez, Johannes Fuss, Roman Gabrhelík, Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan, Biljana Gjoneska, Mateusz Gola, Joshua B. Grubbs, Hashim T. Hashim, Md Saiful Islam, Mustafa Ismail, Martha C. Jiménez Martínez, Tanja Jurin, Ondrej Kalina, Verena Klein, András Költő, Sang Kyu Lee, Karol Lewczuk, Chung Ying Lin, Christine Lochner, Silvia Lucía López Alvarado, Kateřina Lukavská, Percy Mayta-Tristán, Dan J. Miller, Oľga Orosová, Gábor Orosz, Fernando P. Ponce, Gonzalo R. Quintana, Gabriel C. Quintero Garzola, Jano Ramos-Diaz, Beáta Bothe (Last Author)

Universidad de Cuenca

Eötvös Loránd University
University of Duisburg-Essen
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
University of Gibraltar
Flinders University
Yale University
Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling
Jaume I University
Sigmund Freud University Vienna
University of Montreal
Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Problemes Conjugaux et les Agressions Sexuelles
University of Lausanne
University of Hamburg
Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
University of Aveiro
University of Valencia
Fuzhou University
Chinese University of Hong Kong
University of Rome La Sapienza
University of Hertfordshire
University of Trento
Auckland University of Technology
Nottingham Trent University
Kyoto University
RIKEN
The University of Osaka
HELP University
Charles University
University of Haifa
Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Polish Academy of Sciences
University of California at San Diego
University of New Mexico
University of Baghdad
Jahangirnagar University
Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health
Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y de Patología
University of Zagreb
Pavol Jozef Šafárik University
University of Southampton
University of Galway
Hallym University
Chuncheon Addiction Management Center
Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University
National Cheng Kung University
Stellenbosch University
Universidad Científica del Sur
James Cook University Queensland
Université d'Artois
Universidad Católica del Maule
Del Modelamiento a la Política Pública (MOVI)
Universidad de Tarapacá
Florida State University
Tecnología e Innovación
Universidad Privada del Norte
South East Technological University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

Sexual assertiveness (SA) is an important concept in understanding sexual well-being and decision-making. However, psychometric evaluation of existing measures of SA in diverse populations is largely lacking, hindering cross-cultural and comparative studies. This study validated the short version of the Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9) and examined its measurement invariance across several languages, countries, genders, sexual orientations, and relationship statuses among 65,448 sexually-active adults (M_age = 32.98 years, SD = 12.08, 58% women, 2.74% gender-diverse individuals) taking part in the International Sex Survey. The scale demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. Measurement invariance tests indicated that the SAQ-9 is suitable for comparing individuals from different cultures, genders, sexual orientations, and relationship statuses, and significant group differences were also noted (e.g., gender-diverse individuals reported the highest levels of SA). Findings suggest that the SAQ-9 is a reliable and valid measure of SA and appropriate for use in diverse populations, with specific populations exhibiting varying levels of SA.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	254-274
Number of pages	21
Journal	Assessment
Volume	33
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911241312757
State	E-pub ahead of print - 18 Mar 2025

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 5 Gender Equality

Keywords

cross-cultural
gender difference
International Sex Survey (ISS)
SAQ-9
sexual and gender minorities
sexual assertiveness
validation

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10.1177/10731911241312757

Cite this

Nagy, L., Koós, M., Kraus, D. S. W., Demetrovics, Z., Potenza, M. N., Ballester-Arnal, R., Batthyány, D., Bergeron, S., Billieux, J., Briken, P., Burkauskas, J., Cárdenas López, G., Carvalho, J., Castro-Calvo, J., Chen, L., Chen, J. K., Ciocca, G., Corazza, O., Csako, R., ... Bothe, B. (2025). Sexual Assertiveness Across Cultures, Genders, and Sexual Orientations: Validation of the Short Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9). Assessment, 33(2), 254-274. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911241312757

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abstract = "Sexual assertiveness (SA) is an important concept in understanding sexual well-being and decision-making. However, psychometric evaluation of existing measures of SA in diverse populations is largely lacking, hindering cross-cultural and comparative studies. This study validated the short version of the Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9) and examined its measurement invariance across several languages, countries, genders, sexual orientations, and relationship statuses among 65,448 sexually-active adults (Mage = 32.98 years, SD = 12.08, 58\% women, 2.74\% gender-diverse individuals) taking part in the International Sex Survey. The scale demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. Measurement invariance tests indicated that the SAQ-9 is suitable for comparing individuals from different cultures, genders, sexual orientations, and relationship statuses, and significant group differences were also noted (e.g., gender-diverse individuals reported the highest levels of SA). Findings suggest that the SAQ-9 is a reliable and valid measure of SA and appropriate for use in diverse populations, with specific populations exhibiting varying levels of SA.",

keywords = "cross-cultural, gender difference, International Sex Survey (ISS), SAQ-9, sexual and gender minorities, sexual assertiveness, validation, Cross-cultural, Gender difference, International Sex Survey (ISS), SAQ-9; sexual and gender minorities, Sexual assertiveness",

author = "L{\'e}na Nagy and M{\'o}nika Ko{\'o}s and Kraus, \{Dr Shane W.\} and Zsolt Demetrovics and Potenza, \{Marc N.\} and Rafael Ballester-Arnal and Dominik Batthy{\'a}ny and Sophie Bergeron and Jo{\"e}l Billieux and Peer Briken and Julius Burkauskas and \{C{\'a}rdenas L{\'o}pez\}, Georgina and Joana Carvalho and Jes{\'u}s Castro-Calvo and Lijun Chen and Chen, \{Ji Kang\} and Giacomo Ciocca and Ornella Corazza and Rita Csako and Fernandez, \{David P.\} and Hironobu Fujiwara and Fernandez, \{Elaine F.\} and Johannes Fuss and Roman Gabrhel{\'i}k and Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan and Biljana Gjoneska and Mateusz Gola and Grubbs, \{Joshua B.\} and Hashim, \{Hashim T.\} and Islam, \{Md Saiful\} and Mustafa Ismail and \{Jim{\'e}nez Mart{\'i}nez\}, \{Martha C.\} and Tanja Jurin and Ondrej Kalina and Verena Klein and Andr{\'a}s K{\"o}lt{\H o} and Lee, \{Sang Kyu\} and Karol Lewczuk and Lin, \{Chung Ying\} and Christine Lochner and \{L{\'o}pez Alvarado\}, \{Silvia Luc{\'i}a\} and Kate{\v r}ina Lukavsk{\'a} and Percy Mayta-Trist{\'a}n and Miller, \{Dan J.\} and O{\v I}ga Orosov{\'a} and G{\'a}bor Orosz and Ponce, \{Fernando P.\} and Quintana, \{Gonzalo R.\} and \{Quintero Garzola\}, \{Gabriel C.\} and Jano Ramos-Diaz and Be{\'a}ta Bothe",

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year = "2025",

month = mar,

day = "18",

doi = "10.1177/10731911241312757",

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pages = "254--274",

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Nagy, L, Koós, M, Kraus, DSW, Demetrovics, Z, Potenza, MN, Ballester-Arnal, R, Batthyány, D, Bergeron, S, Billieux, J, Briken, P, Burkauskas, J, Cárdenas López, G, Carvalho, J, Castro-Calvo, J, Chen, L, Chen, JK, Ciocca, G, Corazza, O, Csako, R, Fernandez, DP, Fujiwara, H, Fernandez, EF, Fuss, J, Gabrhelík, R, Gewirtz-Meydan, A, Gjoneska, B, Gola, M, Grubbs, JB, Hashim, HT, Islam, MS, Ismail, M, Jiménez Martínez, MC, Jurin, T, Kalina, O, Klein, V, Költő, A, Lee, SK, Lewczuk, K, Lin, CY, Lochner, C, López Alvarado, SL, Lukavská, K, Mayta-Tristán, P, Miller, DJ, Orosová, O, Orosz, G, Ponce, FP, Quintana, GR, Quintero Garzola, GC, Ramos-Diaz, J & Bothe, B 2025, 'Sexual Assertiveness Across Cultures, Genders, and Sexual Orientations: Validation of the Short Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9)', Assessment, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 254-274. https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911241312757

TY - JOUR

T1 - Sexual Assertiveness Across Cultures, Genders, and Sexual Orientations

T2 - Validation of the Short Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9)

AU - Nagy, Léna

AU - Koós, Mónika

AU - Kraus, Dr Shane W.

AU - Demetrovics, Zsolt

AU - Potenza, Marc N.

AU - Ballester-Arnal, Rafael

AU - Batthyány, Dominik

AU - Bergeron, Sophie

AU - Billieux, Joël

AU - Briken, Peer

AU - Burkauskas, Julius

AU - Cárdenas López, Georgina

AU - Carvalho, Joana

AU - Castro-Calvo, Jesús

AU - Chen, Lijun

AU - Chen, Ji Kang

AU - Ciocca, Giacomo

AU - Corazza, Ornella

AU - Csako, Rita

AU - Fernandez, David P.

AU - Fujiwara, Hironobu

AU - Fernandez, Elaine F.

AU - Fuss, Johannes

AU - Gabrhelík, Roman

AU - Gewirtz-Meydan, Ateret

AU - Gjoneska, Biljana

AU - Gola, Mateusz

AU - Grubbs, Joshua B.

AU - Hashim, Hashim T.

AU - Islam, Md Saiful

AU - Ismail, Mustafa

AU - Jiménez Martínez, Martha C.

AU - Jurin, Tanja

AU - Kalina, Ondrej

AU - Klein, Verena

AU - Költő, András

AU - Lee, Sang Kyu

AU - Lewczuk, Karol

AU - Lin, Chung Ying

AU - Lochner, Christine

AU - López Alvarado, Silvia Lucía

AU - Lukavská, Kateřina

AU - Mayta-Tristán, Percy

AU - Miller, Dan J.

AU - Orosová, Oľga

AU - Orosz, Gábor

AU - Ponce, Fernando P.

AU - Quintana, Gonzalo R.

AU - Quintero Garzola, Gabriel C.

AU - Ramos-Diaz, Jano

AU - Bothe, Beáta

PY - 2025/3/18

Y1 - 2025/3/18

N2 - Sexual assertiveness (SA) is an important concept in understanding sexual well-being and decision-making. However, psychometric evaluation of existing measures of SA in diverse populations is largely lacking, hindering cross-cultural and comparative studies. This study validated the short version of the Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9) and examined its measurement invariance across several languages, countries, genders, sexual orientations, and relationship statuses among 65,448 sexually-active adults (Mage = 32.98 years, SD = 12.08, 58% women, 2.74% gender-diverse individuals) taking part in the International Sex Survey. The scale demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. Measurement invariance tests indicated that the SAQ-9 is suitable for comparing individuals from different cultures, genders, sexual orientations, and relationship statuses, and significant group differences were also noted (e.g., gender-diverse individuals reported the highest levels of SA). Findings suggest that the SAQ-9 is a reliable and valid measure of SA and appropriate for use in diverse populations, with specific populations exhibiting varying levels of SA.

AB - Sexual assertiveness (SA) is an important concept in understanding sexual well-being and decision-making. However, psychometric evaluation of existing measures of SA in diverse populations is largely lacking, hindering cross-cultural and comparative studies. This study validated the short version of the Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9) and examined its measurement invariance across several languages, countries, genders, sexual orientations, and relationship statuses among 65,448 sexually-active adults (Mage = 32.98 years, SD = 12.08, 58% women, 2.74% gender-diverse individuals) taking part in the International Sex Survey. The scale demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. Measurement invariance tests indicated that the SAQ-9 is suitable for comparing individuals from different cultures, genders, sexual orientations, and relationship statuses, and significant group differences were also noted (e.g., gender-diverse individuals reported the highest levels of SA). Findings suggest that the SAQ-9 is a reliable and valid measure of SA and appropriate for use in diverse populations, with specific populations exhibiting varying levels of SA.

KW - cross-cultural

KW - gender difference

KW - International Sex Survey (ISS)

KW - SAQ-9

KW - sexual and gender minorities

KW - sexual assertiveness

KW - validation

KW - Cross-cultural

KW - Gender difference

KW - International Sex Survey (ISS)

KW - SAQ-9; sexual and gender minorities

KW - Sexual assertiveness

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105008200734

UR - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40099831/

UR - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10731911241312757

U2 - 10.1177/10731911241312757

DO - 10.1177/10731911241312757

M3 - Artículo

AN - SCOPUS:105008200734

SN - 1073-1911

VL - 33

SP - 254

EP - 274

JO - Assessment

JF - Assessment

IS - 2

ER -

Sexual Assertiveness Across Cultures, Genders, and Sexual Orientations: Validation of the Short Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9)

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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