Parameter sensitivity analysis and prediction error in field-scale NO ₃-N modelling

The hydrologic and nitrate (NO ₃-N) leaching dynamics of a maize field were respectively modelled with DRAINMOD and DRAINMOD-N. Experimental data of a 3-year period were available for model calibration and evaluation. Data from the first two years were used for model calibration whilst data from the remaining year were used for an initial evaluation. Data collected before the 3-year experiment, during a 23-year period, were used for further " backward" (in time) evaluation. The hydrologic module was calibrated through a trial and error approach. The NO ₃-N leaching module was calibrated and evaluated with a Monte Carlo simulations based approach. Nine parameters describing the leaching process were studied. In total, 10,000 parameter sets were tried out. The analysis revealed an acceptable prediction of the observed drainage and NO ₃-N leaching time series throughout both the 3-year experimental period as well as the prior 23-year " backward" evaluation period. Nevertheless, the analysis revealed that no single set of optimal parameter values could be identified. It was found that the model performance is only sensitive to the rate of denitrification. Narrow NO ₃-N prediction intervals were obtained, even in the longer 23-year (" backward" ) evaluation period. Apparently, the behavioural DRAINMOD-N simulations were able to acceptably reproduce the limited to moderate NO ₃-N leaching fluctuations that occur in the modelled system.