Optimizing Microgrid Planning for Renewable Integration in Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

The increasing demand for reliable and sustainable electricity has driven the development of microgrids (MGs) as a solution for decentralized energy distribution. This study reviews advancements in MG planning and optimization for renewable energy integration, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology to analyze peer-reviewed articles from 2013 to 2024. The key findings highlight the integration of emerging technologies, like artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and advanced energy storage systems, which enhance MG efficiency, reliability, and resilience. Advanced modeling and simulation techniques, such as stochastic optimization and genetic algorithms, are crucial for managing renewable energy variability. Lithium-ion and redox flow battery innovations improve energy density, safety, and recyclability. Real-time simulations, hardware-in-the-loop testing, and dynamic power electronic converters boost operational efficiency and stability. AI and machine learning optimize real-time MG operations, enhancing predictive analysis and fault tolerance. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including integrating new technologies, improving simulation accuracy, enhancing energy storage sustainability, ensuring system resilience, and conducting comprehensive economic assessments. Further research and innovation are needed to realize MGs’ potential in global energy sustainability fully.