Factores maternos biológicos asociados a retardo del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) en hijos de adolescentes nacidos en el Hospital Vicente Corral. Cuenca-Ecuador. 2013

Introduction: The factors involve in the intrauterine life have repercussions in the embryonic and fetal life, around the birth, and in the future life of the individual. Objective: To determine the fetal factors associated with IUGR in teenager´s children who born in the Vicente Corral Hospital in Cuenca-Ecuador during 2013. Material and methods: Case-control design; universe: newborn (NB) teens´ children born at Vicente Corral Hospital, Cuenca-Ecuador, 2013; sample: not random, cases: 116 NB with IUGR teenagers´ children, controls: 348 NB teenager´s children without IUGR. Results: The IUGR was presented more frequently in female RN (53.4%), the predominant IUGR type was asymmetrical (57.8%). The neonatal anthropometric measurements weight (p = 0.001), height (p = 0.001) and cephalic perimeter (p = 0.001) presented statistical association to the IUGR. According to the binary analysis, the fetal factors associated with IUGR were: prematurity (OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.17-6.20, p = 0.016) and twinness (OR = 18.93, CI = 95% 2.25-158.93, p = 0.001); fetal factors not associated with IUGR were: sex, TORCH infections, major congenital malformations (p> 0.05). According to binary logistic regression, twinness was the only one associated with IUGR (Exp B = 16.36, 95% CI = 1.92-139.64, p = 0.011). Conclusions: The IUGR was presented more frequently in the female sex, predominantly the asymmetric type. Neonatal weight, size and cephalic perimeter were associated to IUGR. The fetal factors associated to IUGR according to binary analysis were: prematurity and twinness, and binary logistic regression: twinness.