Exploring the potential of acidithiobacillus in bioleaching: keys to sustainable metal extraction

The Acidithiobacillus genus is a set of acidophilic bacteria that has a crucial participation in the bioleaching process, because they can oxidize iron and sulfur and contribute to the sulfide mineral dissolution, releasing metals such as: copper, gold, and other valuable items. This systematic review compiled the environmental factors and optimal conditions for the use of the Acidithiobacillus proteobacteria in the bioleaching process in the Scopus database since January 2014 until December 2024. PRISMA's guidelines were used for the identification, selection, and analysis of relevant primary studies. The results and discussions of each article were examined, synthesizing the answers to the questions posed and highlighting the most relevant findings along with their implications for the field of biomining. In conclusion, it is evident that biomining with Acidithiobacillus emerges as an innovative and sustainable alternative for the metal extraction, offering environmental, economic and technical advantages compared to traditional methods. Despite it, the associated technical challenges are recognized, such as the control of leaching conditions, where factors such as: pH, temperature, redox potential, oxygen concentration, and the presence of metal ions can influence the growth and the activity of Acidithiobacillus, as well as the kinetics and leaching mechanisms. Research opportunities were identified for improving this innovative technology.