Exploring the dynamics of energy security and energy poverty in the Andean basin

Energy security (ES) and energy poverty (EP) are closely linked to economic development, making their analysis essential for public policy design. This study examines ES and EP in parishes in the Machángara River basin in Ecuador. The ES assessment used an index composed of four dimensions: energy accessibility, financial, environmental and housing factors, while EP was assessed using five established indices (10% Index, MIS, AFCP, 2M, M/2), providing a multidimensional perspective. Data were collected through random stratified surveys of 455 households, normalised using banding techniques, and analysed through weighted aggregations. The results reveal notable differences in ES and EP among communities. Checa, Sayausí, and Sidcay had higher ES indices, while Ricaurte and Sinincay faced challenges. Chiquintad and Ricaurte showed the highest energy poverty rates, emphasising financial vulnerabilities. The results obtained show that adapted public policies are needed to address specific regional challenges and promote sustainable energy access.