Designing Bike-Sharing Systems Supported by Data: A Systematic Literature Review

Bike-sharing systems (BSSs) have been adopted in various places, and many primary studies have been conducted to design and establish station locations. However, there has been no attempt to compile and summarize these in a systematic literature review (SLR) related to long-term BSS design. This paper presents an SLR that identifies and interprets studies published from January 1st, 2001, to January 1st, 2023. The main research question this paper seeks to answer is 'What key factors are used to design BSSs?' those factors are supported by criteria such as methods for interpreting and using data from several sources. In this context, both automatic and manual searches for literature were conducted, resulting in 96 studies related to the design of a BSS being included in this review. The methodology used objectively assesses the research topic in a reliable, repeatable, and replicable manner. It allows us to determine what factors, methods, and data were used in the strategic planning of the BSS design. The review results show that although many solutions to problems have been devised, gaps need to be filled in this research field. This study aims to help researchers detect weaknesses and gaps and open new horizons regarding the BSS long-term design.