Design and implementation of a meteorological data logging device integrating LoRaWAN and ESP32

Accurate meteorological monitoring in remote regions is vital for water-resource management, climate research, and natural-hazard preparedness. This paper presents a modular, low-power station based on an ESP32-S3 microcontroller and LoRaWAN connectivity, capable of measuring temperature, humidity, solar irradiance, UV index, rainfall, and wind parameters. Data are packaged using the VMTP protocol and transmitted to a cloud platform for real-time visualization.Field validation with a calibrated reference station showed high agreement on most variables (Pearson's r>0.9), while LoRaWAN testing achieved a packet delivery rate greater than 98% at line-ofsight distances of up to 450 m with a spreading factor of 10 and 20 dBm transmission power. Energy profiling showed that reducing the ESP32 clock to 20 MHz and employing deep-sleep cycles cuts active-mode consumption by more than 50%. The design's combination of measurement accuracy, reliable longrange communication, and minimal power draw makes it well suited for sustained deployments in challenging terrains.