Biomechanics of midface trauma: A review of concepts

Knowledge of facial biomechanics, the interaction of implants with bone, and the mechanical environment after a fracture allows the surgeon to select and place the osteosynthesis material appropriately for adequate treatment with a low complication rate. Several classifications of the middle third fractures have been proposed with different treatment options for each one. Most of the studies have focused on the analysis of aesthetic results and complications, with few analyzing them from a biomechanical point of view. This article analyzes the basic concepts of the mechanics and the clinical application of these in the treatment of fractures of the midface.