Ecological study in the province of Azuay (2010-2015) on lip and/or palate and sociodemographic, socio-economic and contamination associated factors associated

Among congenital malformations, one of the most common are orofacial clefts: lip and/or cleft (LPH), which represents an important health problem. It is defined as an elongated opening that derives from a lack of merger of certain parts during embryonic development. The inaccuracy of union of the structures that form the lip and palate occurs in the first months, due to exposure to a noxa between the fourth and twelfth week of gestation, the sixth being the greatest risk1. In addition to the impact they have on the patient in functional and emotional throughout their lives, the cost for care for a multidisciplinary team represents a burden for the National Health System as well as for homes2, affects the lip, palate and alveolar flange, clefts can be unique or bilateral. The frequencies are variable, from 1 in 500 births in Asians, 1 in 2500 in a descendant Afro race, 1 in 1000 in Caucasics, Hispanic and Latinos, in Latin America the rate is 13.2 and for Ecuador it is 18.0, 3. The origin is multifactorial and the cusas can be genetic and environmental the latter can be divided into three: physical, chemical and biological4. The LPH as other deformities can be preventable: diagnosed and managed in a timely manner, if the mother is given attention before and after pregnancy, so it is important to know the environmental areas and conditions that predispose the population to this malformation.

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